Poliovirus enters the body through the mouth, infecting the first cells with which it comes in contactthe pharynx and intestinal mucosa. Threedimensional structure of poliovirus receptor bound to poliovirus article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 971. The poliovirus virion is acid resistant, which allows it to survive the low ph of the stomach to initiate infection within the small intestine. Poliovirus definition of poliovirus by the free dictionary. The poliovirus is a picornavirus family picornaviridae, a member of a group known as enteroviruses that inhabits the human digestive tract. Nucleotide sequence analysis, typing by pcr and realtime rtpcr. The poliovirus receptor pvr, which is used by all three viral serotypes to initiate infection of cells, is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. When poliovirus pv recognizes its receptor, cd155, the virus changes from a 160s to a 5s particle before. Poliovirus does not require a lowph step or endocytosis for cell entry 8, 16, so multimeric binding of the virus to the receptor must trigger the molecular events leading to virus penetration. The viral particle is about 30 nm in diameter with icosahedral symmetry. Since the 1950s there have been two safe and effective vaccines against poliomyelitis. Neurotropism of enterovirus d68 isolates is independent of sialic acid and is not a recently acquired. Poliovirus used to help fight deadly glioblastoma brain. Poliovirus, the causative agent of polio also known as poliomyelitis, is a serotype of the species enterovirus c, in the family of picornaviridae poliovirus is composed of an rna genome and a protein capsid.
This page describes the virus in detail, including information on its. Commonly known as poliovirus receptor pvr due to its involvement in the cellular poliovirus infection in. The role of virus receptor recognition in the determination of. On april 12, 1955 the success of the vaccine trials was announced to widespread acclaim. Poliovirus receptorlike 2 how is poliovirus receptor. For other viruses, the receptor is also an unzipper, in that it initiates. Survival was better than expected for patients in a small study who were. Vincent r racaniello the cell receptor for poliovirus may be more than a simple snare that attaches virus to cells. Receptor priming of lowphtriggered virus entry has been. The program ctfmix 25 was used to correct for contrast transfer function effects. A program to produce both detailed and schematic plots.
The capsid of each of the three serotypes of poliovirus consists of sixty copies each of four viral proteins, vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp4. Structures of poliovirus complexes with antiviral drugs. Cloned poliovirus complementary dna is infectious in mammalian cells. Poliovirus containment, an evolving area of work that affects every country, aims to ensure that all pv2 specimens are safely contained to minimize the risk for reintroducing the. The cellular receptor for poliovirus was discovered after the transformation of mouse lcells. The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Recognition of a cell surface receptor is the first step in infection of cells by animal viruses.
Molecular tectonic model of virus structural transitions. Crystal structure of cd155 and electron microscopic studies of its. A member of the enterovirus subgroup, family picornaviridae. The poliovirus entry pathway differs from that described for human rhinovirus serotype 2 hrv2, a member of the minor group of hrv, which bind to. Recent results indicate that receptor binding may cause conformational changes in the virus that lead to uncoating of the viral rna. The human poliovirus receptor pvr has been identified as a. V r racaniellos research works cuny graduate center. Also referred to as pvr poliovirus receptor what is cd155. Wild poliovirus definition and references definition. Enteroviruses are a genus of positivesense singlestranded rna viruses associated with several human and. Poliovirus infection page 1 poliovirus infection 1. Poliovirus definition of poliovirus by merriamwebster.
Volume 4, issue 7 pages 759877 july 1996 download full issue. The genome is a singlestranded positivesense rna genome that is about 7500 nucleotides long. Background poliomyelitis polio is a highly transmissible infectious disease caused by poliovirus, a small, nonenveloped enterovirus of the family. Pdf molecular aspects of poliovirus biology with a special focus. Clearly, the fc receptor provides the hook that brings the virusantibody complexes to the cell surface, but what provides the unzipper. Scientifically accurate bronze models without patina of the poliovirus created for the smithsonian by edgar meyer. For other viruses such as poliovirus, the cell receptor is also an unzipper. Historically, the experimental approach initially utilized to analyze the poliovirus rna replication reaction was enzymological. One of the worlds most dreaded viruses has been turned into a treatment to fight deadly brain tumors.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Poliovirus receptor how is poliovirus receptor abbreviated. Interaction of the poliovirus receptor cd155 with the. Picornaviruses attach to the host cell via a specific receptor, as do virtually all other viruses and are internalized by the cell figure 10. These cells were altered with hela cell dna, which led to susceptibility to poliovirus, of. A technique developed several years ago at duke university involving an engineered hybrid of poliovirus and rhinovirus has shown great promise in treating a lethal form of brain cancer. How the poliovirus can be used to battle lethal cancers. Poliovirus is a highly contagious virus that only affects humans. Poliovirus definition, any of three picornaviruses of the genus enterovirus, having a spherical capsid, infectious to humans and the cause of poliomyelitis. Structural analysis of human rhinovirus complexed with icam1. V r racaniellos 118 research works with 8,505 citations and 2,795 reads, including. Poliovirus is a class of risk 2 or risk group 2 or hazard group 2 nonenvelopped rna enterovirus. Poliovirus infects human cells by binding to an immunoglobulinlike receptor, cd155, also known as the poliovirus receptor pvr on the cell surface.
Structure of poliovirus type 2 lansing complexed with antiviral agent. Notice that the receptor protein is gripped within a groove that encircles the fivefold symmetrical arrangement of proteins shown in yellow known as the canyon in the picornavirus literature. Two distinct binding affinities of poliovirus for its. Pdf threedimensional structure of poliovirus receptor. Virion binding to receptors triggers endocytosis by the host.
Poliovirus infects human cells by binding to an immunoglobulinlike receptor, cd155 also known as the poliovirus receptor or pvr on the cell surface. Indeed, entry of poliovirus and receptorsensitive rhinoviruses hrv14 can occur without. Poliovirus is a member of the enterovirus subgroup, family picornaviridae. Viral interaction with its cellular receptor on the surface of the host cell initiates a. Poliovirus, an enterovirus with antigenic types 1,2,3. Upon interacting with its receptor, poliovirus undergoes conformational changes that are. Threedimensional structure of poliovirus receptor bound. Poliovirus initiates infection by binding to its cellular receptor pvr. Poliovirus virion binds to host pvr receptor cd155 via depressions on capsid surface. Structural studies of poliovirus mutants that overcome receptor defects. Interaction of the poliovirus receptor cd155 with the dynein light. For some viruses, interaction with a cell receptor serves only to concentrate virus on the cell surface.
Receptor priming of major group human rhinoviruses for. The poliovirus entry pathway differs from that described for human rhinovirus serotype 2 hrv2. Neurotropism of enterovirus d68 isolates is independent of sialic acid and is not a recently acquired phenotype. Poliovirus is composed of an rna genome and a protein capsid. Multiple tissue northern blots were purchased from. Combining an imaging assay that simultaneously tracks the viral capsid and genome in live cells with an infectivitybased biological assay for rna release, the authors settle a longlasting. Type 1 is most often the etiologic agent in paralytic illnesses, type 3. Poliovirus bound to a neuron receptor illustration courtesy of link studio. The external domain mediates cell attachment to the. It is separable into three serotypes, designated types 1, 2, and 3, with type 1 being responsible for. By 1957, polio cases in the united states had dropped by 90%. Threedimensional structure of poliovirus receptor bound to poliovirus.
Enteroviruses are transient inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of cd155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be. Abstractthe cell receptor for poliovirus may be more than a simple snare that attaches virus to cells. In the case of polio and rhino viruses, this is a protein of. Cd155 is a type i transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. The receptor for all three serotypes of poliovirus, cd155 also known as pvr, is a membraneassociated, singlespan glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Recent results indicate that receptor binding may cause conformational changes in the virus that lead to. Poliovirus definition of poliovirus by medical dictionary. Pdf poliovirus pv, the pathogenic agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, is the prototype of.
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